O Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) decidiu nesta quarta-feira (7) que o presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) não precisa devolver um relógio de ouro da marca Cartier, que ganhou em 2005.
Os ministros do TCU seguiram o voto do ministro Jorge Oliveira, que entendeu que, por falta de norma clara para o tratamento dos presentes recebidos, os itens não devem ser devolvidos.
Segundo ele, a norma deve estar prevista em legislação — uma atribuição do Congresso —, e não em determinação da Corte, como foi estabelecido em 2016.
O entendimento de Oliveira, seguido pela maioria dos ministros, abre caminho para uma rediscussão, no TCU, do processo sobre as joias e armas dadas pelo governo da Arábia Saudita ao governo do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro (PL).
Em 2023, o tribunal já havia entendido, por decisão unânime, que Bolsonaro precisaria devolver os itens, com base na determinação de 2016 da Corte.
Porém, debatendo o caso de Lula, os ministros seguiram o entendimento de Oliveira, concordando que a elaboração de uma regra clara sobre presentes cabe ao Congresso, e não ao TCU.
“Não há norma clara que trate sobre o recebimento de presentes. Por bem intencionado que seja, não me cabe legislar […] receber presentes é uma praxe, mas óbvio que essa praxe pode ter mudado. Cabe atualização na legislação, mas não ao TCU”, disse o ministro.
Oliveira divergiu do relator, Antonio Anastasia, que havia seguido o parecer da área técnica — de que a regra de devolução dos presentes não poderia ser aplicada de forma retroativa.
Ou seja, os dois ministros concordam com a não devolução, mas partem de argumentações diferentes.
Entendimento da maioria
O ministro Jorge Oliveira defendeu que a falta de uma norma legal sobre o tratamento dos presentes recebidos pelos presidentes afasta a possibilidade de a Corte de Contas determinar a incorporação dos bens ao patrimônio público.
“Não é possível impor obrigação de incorporação ao patrimônio público em relação ao bem objeto desta representação [o relógio de Lula], como também não o é em face daqueles que são escrutinados em outros processos que tramitam nesta Corte”, diz o voto.
O ministro afirma ainda que não há “caracterização precisa” do que seria um bem de natureza “personalíssima”, “assim como de um valor objetivo que possa enquadrar o produto como de ‘elevado valor de mercado’”.
Votaram com Oliveira os ministros: Vital do Rego, Jonathan de Jesus, Aroldo Cedraz e Augusto Nardes.
Jorge Oliveira foi indicado por Bolsonaro para o TCU, em 2020, depois de exercer o cargo de ministro da Secretaria-Geral da Presidência da República.
O TCU só deliberou sobre o tratamento de presentes recebidos em 2016. Essa regra vale para todos os presentes recebidos desde 2002, mas excluía os itens “personalíssimos” ou de consumo próprio.
Mais tarde, em 2023, o tribunal entendeu que mesmo os itens “personalíssimos” deveriam ser incorporados ao patrimônio da União.
Outros votos
O ministro Anastasia e Marcos Bemquerer votaram pela não devolução, mas tendo como base apenas o posicionamento de que as normas não podem retroagir. Esse entendimento não abriria brecha para rediscutir o caso de Bolsonaro.
O único ministro que votou pela devolução foi Walton Alencar, para quem a permissão do TCU para manter os presentes representaria liberar uma “remuneração incontrolada” do presidente para aumento de patrimônio pessoal.
“Não somos uma ditadura de país, em que o ditador confunde seu patrimônio com o do próprio país”, declarou.
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