A Comissão de Constituição e Justiça (CCJ) do Senado aprovou, por unanimidade, o Projeto de Lei 226/2024 que estabelece critérios para aferição da periculosidade do agente, geradora de riscos à ordem pública, para a decretação de prisão preventiva. Com informações Agência Brasil.
A prisão preventiva, que não tem prazo de duração, é decretada antes de concluída a investigação e o julgamento, quando o acusado apresenta risco à segurança pública.
O novo texto inclui no artigo 312 do Código de Processo Penal mais critérios que devem ser observados pelo juiz para decretar a prisão preventiva: I – o modus operandi, inclusive quanto ao uso reiterado de violência ou grave ameaça à pessoa ou quanto à premeditação do agente para a prática delituosa; II – a participação em organização criminosa; III – a natureza, quantidade e variedade de drogas, armas ou munições apreendidas; IV – o fundado receio de reiteração delitiva, inclusive à vista da existência de outros inquéritos e ações penais em curso.
A lei determina ainda que os novos critérios devem ser avaliados, obrigatoriamente, durante a audiência de custódia e antes de se decretar liberdade provisória ou a prisão preventiva. A audiência de custódia é obrigatória para casos de pessoas presas em flagrante para que se analise a legalidade da prisão.
O autor do projeto, ex-senador e atual ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) Flávio Dino, justifica a mudança na lei argumentando que a inclusão desses critérios é necessária para ajudar o juiz a definir, com mais precisão, quando um preso é, ou não, de alta periculosidade, e quando sua liberdade pode trazer riscos à sociedade.
“Almeja-se evitar a análise superficial ou ‘mecânica’ dos requisitos, o que gera agudos questionamentos sociais e institucionais, sobretudo quando as mesmas pessoas são submetidas a sucessivas audiências de custódia e daí resultam deferimentos “automáticos” de seguidas liberdades provisórias, impactando negativamente no resultado útil da atividade policial”, argumenta Flávio Dino em seu relatório.
O projeto de lei ainda estabelece que não é permitida a decretação da prisão preventiva “com base em alegações de gravidade abstrata do delito, devendo ser concretamente demonstrados a periculosidade do agente”.
Divergência
O relator do projeto da CCJ, senador Sérgio Moro (União/PR), incluiu novos dispositivos no texto, que foram questionados por senadores, a exemplo da obrigatoriedade de se colher material biológico do perfil genético do preso em flagrante por crimes com violência, grave ameaça contra pessoa, crime sexual ou que integre organização criminosa.
“A extração do perfil genético consiste em mecanismo poderoso para investigação criminal, tanto para identificar o autor do crime como para exonerar o inocente”, justificou o senador Sérgio Moro. De acordo com o proposto, o material deve, preferencialmente, ser coletado na audiência de custódia ou até 10 dias depois.
O senador Fabiano Contarato (PT/SE) avaliou que a exigência de se coletar material biológico na audiência de custódia pode ser inviável. “Isso tem que ser feito? Ótimo, vai ser feito. Mas talvez não seja o momento adequado, porque não vai ter como viabilizar condições para operacionalizar esse instituto aqui de coleta de material biológico”, contestou.
Fabiano Contarato justificou que, como era contrário a apenas um ponto de texto, votou favoravelmente ao projeto por concordar com os demais artigos.
Aprovado em caráter terminativo na CCJ, o projeto deveria seguir para análise da Câmara dos Deputados sem precisar passar pelo plenário do Senado. Porém, devido à divergência em relação ao recolhimento do material genético do preso, o líder do governo no Senado, Jaques Wagner (PT/BA), disse que vai apresentar recurso para levar o tema ao plenário do Senado.
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